Friday, October 14, 2011

People's China on the 1911 Revolution

The October issue of the Japanese edition of the People's China is a special number on the 1911 Revolution. I am not sure if the other language editions are also a special. The Japanese editon well focuses on Japan's involvement in the Revolution. An article by a Chinese woman professor is of particular interest for me. It highlights the role of one University in Japan at a specific period of the Revolution.
It is Hosei University, and the author is a professor of this university. Hosei was the first private law school, later turned to a university, built in the Meiji period. For five years from 1904 to 08, while the Chinese dynasty went into its last period, it set up a one-year course, as against the usual three-year ones, for the benefit of the Chinese students who wanted to study in Japan hurriedly the legal system of a modern state. It was done at the request of the Chinese Minister to Japan in view of mounting demand of the sort among the Chinese youth.
Hosei was not necessarily at the top in terms of the number of Chinese students who studied there. Still as many as 2,117 students were enrolled in this course altogether, and they included some who later became well-known in China's history, including Dong Bi-wu, Wang Zhao-Ming, Song Jiao-ren, Hu Han-min, and Liao Zhong-kai.
When Sun Yat-sen founded the forerunner of the Nationalist Party in Japan in 1905, this course was in existence. Out of its 963 founder-members as many as 860 were either the students or other residents in Japan. In this year the Chinese students at Hosei numbered 295, and most of them are presumed to have joined the party.
In order to make it easy for the Chinese students to be enrolled in the course, the examination was done away with. A letter from the Minister was enough. Most of the teaching was of the legal subjects, and there were interpreters in the classrooms.
Incidentally 1905 was also the year when the Chinese dynasty abolished the traditional, and very prestigious, Civil Service examination.
Unfortunately the one-year course was abolished in 1908. Other sources suggest that it was because the Chinese government did not like the liberal and revolurionary mood among the students and put a request to Japan to wind it up. Japan herself had her own reason to do so and tried to restrain their activities. So much so that many of the students went home in protest.
Very soon Japan would place Korea under her rule. The parting of the ways with China also was at this period.

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